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The Vietnam Era Veterans' Readjustment Assistance Act (VEVRAA) requires covered federal government contractors and subcontractors to take affirmative action to employ and advance in employment specified categories of veterans protected by the Act and prohibits discrimination against such veterans. In addition, VEVRAA requires contractors and subcontractors to list their employment openings with the appropriate employment service delivery system, and that covered veterans receive priority in referral to such openings.

The Fifth and Fourteenth Amendments of the United States Constitution limit the power of the federal and state governments to discriminate. The private sector is not directly constrained by the Constitution.

The Uniformed Services Employment and Reemployment Rights Act (USERRA) provides reemployment protection and other benefits for veterans and employees who perform military service. (1) The Act sets forth the rights and responsibilities of U.S. National Guard (USNG) and U.S. Army Reserve (USAR) members, as well as their civilian employers.